With contributions from:
Yan-Ru Chen, Ching-Chi Chi, Caroline L. Davey, Johannes de Haan, Dorota Habrat, Anika Holterhof, Chia-Hsien Hsu, Wielant Machleidt, Erich Marks, Sheng-Ang Shen, Wiebke Steffen, Catrin Trautmann, Tao-Hsin Tung, Lucy Winrow, Andrew B. Wootton.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie: detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at www.dnb.de.
© Forum Verlag Godesberg GmbH, Mönchengladbach
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Mönchengladbach 2018
Print layout: Karla Marks
Coverdesign: Konstantin Megas, Mönchengladbach
Herstellung: BoD - Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt
978-3-942865-87-6 (print)
978-3-942865-88-3 (eBook)
This tenth edition of "International Perspectives of Crime Prevention" includes a selection of the outcomes of the 11th Annual International Forum which took place within the 22nd German Congress on Crime Prevention. The Congress was held on 19th and 20th of June 2017 in Hanover and gathered together about 3.000 people from the field of crime prevention in Germany and worldwide. The main topic of this congress was "Prevention & Integration". The programme of the 11th Annual International Forum is printed at the end of this book.
The first two articles reflect parts of the opening event of the Congress: The opening speech, held by Erich Marks, and the speech on the main theme "Prevention & Integration" held by Wiebke Steffen. The third contribution is the so-called "Prevention Speech" held at the closing event of the Congress by Wieland Machleidt. In this speech the process of integration is compared with the developmental phase of adolescence, a socio-psychological view that gives new insights into the current challenges of migration.
The following essays of this book contain a range of topics which were presented during the international lectures of the Congress in Hanover. Dorota Habrat discusses the issue of criminal corporate liability, in particular with regard to the case law in Poland and the question of individual or collective liability. Anika Holterhof and Johannes de Haan present the work of the United Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) on promoting a participatory approach to crime prevention by highlighting two technical assistance projects. One is on participatory crime diagnosis and policy development and the other on the use of sports for early crime prevention. Tao-Hsin Tung et al. have done a meta-analysis of community treatment effects on the rate of child sexual reoffendings. They indicate that while there is reason to believe that these measures are effective, further studies are needed to provide clear evidence. Catrin Trautmann presents the outcomes of the pre-conference on Countering Violent Extremism, which took place on the days before the German Congress on Crime Prevention. Besides the exchange of knowledge on prevention measures on radicalisation, the meeting enabled possibilities to develop cooperation structures. And finally ProtectED, a not-for-profit membership organisation and accreditation scheme, is introduced by Andrew B. Wootton, Caroline L. Davey and Lucy Winrow. This supports member universities in the UK to tackle harassment and sexual assault as part of a wider programme of measures to ensure their students' safety, security and wellbeing.
The German Congress on Crime Prevention is an annual event that takes place since 1995 in different German cities and targets all areas of crime prevention: Administration, youth welfare, the judiciary, churches, local authorities, the media, politics, the police, crime prevention committees, projects, schools, the health system, organisations, associations and science. The desired effect is to present and strengthen crime prevention within a broad societal framework. Thus it contributes to combating crime and reducing the risk of becoming a victim. In addition, this is associated with reducing the fear of crime among the population.
The main objectives of the congress are:
Since its foundation, the German Congress on Crime Prevention has been opened to an international audience with a growing number of non-German speaking participants joining. Because prevention is more than a national concern and should be focused internationally this step seemed crucial. Bringing together not only German scientists and practitioners but also international experts in crime prevention and thus developing a transnational forum to foster the exchange of knowledge and experience constitutes the main focus of this approach. To give the international guests a discussion forum, the Annual International Forum within the German Congress on Crime Prevention was established in 2007. For non-German speaking guests this event offers lectures in English language as well as other activities within the German Congress on Crime Prevention that are translated simultaneously. International guests are able to play an active role by giving lectures, presenting posters or displaying information within the exhibition.
We hope to find a broad audience, interested in the upcoming events of the Annual International Forum as well as the German Congress on Crime Prevention. For more information please visit our website at www.gcocp.org.
Claudia Heinzelmann and Erich Marks
Around 3,000 participants and guests have confirmed their attendance of the 22nd German Congress on Crime Prevention in Lower Saxony's capital Hanover. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation that they are participating in our joint effort to perform the 2017 prevention survey in what appear to be particularly prevention-eager times. To begin with, I would like to mention a number of individuals from this year's long list of honorary guests. The high-ranking representatives from civil society, politics, administration, science and non-governmental organisations and the representatives1 of over 30 partner organisations of the German Congress on Crime Prevention, who deserve my particular gratitude for their factual, material and non-material support, include:
Dr. Andreas Armborst, Head of the National Centre for Crime Prevention (Nationales Zentrum fur Kriminalprävention, NZK), Bonn
Juma Assiago, Urban Safety Expert, UNHABITAT, Nairobi
Heike Bartesch, German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Berlin
Konstanze Beckedorf, Head of the Department of Social Affairs and Sport of the State Capital of Hanover
Karsten Becker MdL, Member of the SPD parliamentary group at the Lower Saxony Parliament, Hanover
Uwe Binias, Chief of the Lower Saxony State Police, Hanover
Dr. Ludovít Biró, Counsellor at the Slovakian Embassy in Berlin
Bianca Biwer, National Secretary of WEISSER RING, Mainz
Prof. Dr. Thomas Bliesener, Director of the Lower Saxony Crime Research Institute (Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen, KFN), Hanover
Dr. Stephanie Bradley, Director EPISCenter, Pennsylvania State University
Maren Brandenburger, President of the Lower Saxony Department for the Protection of the Constitution, Hanover
Gerald Busch, Deputy Chief Constable at the Bavarian State Office of Criminal Investigation, Munich
Prof. Dr. Marc Coester, President of the Social Work, Criminal Law and Crime Policy Association (Fachverband Soziale Arbeit, Strafrecht und Kriminalpolitik – DBH), Cologne/Berlin
Stefan Daniel, Executive Director of the German Crime Prevention Foundation (Deutsche Stiftung fur Kriminalprävention), Bonn
Marten van de Donk, Director RAN Centre of Excellence, Amsterdam
Johannes de Haan, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer, United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna
Ava Diaconu, Attachée for Home Affairs at the Romanian Consulate General in Bonn
Bärbel Dieckmann, President of the Welthungerhilfe Organisation, Bonn
Prof. Jochen Dieckmann, Chairman of the State Crime Prevention Council of North Rhine Westphalia, Düsseldorf
Elizabeth Drake, Supervisory Senior Research Associate, Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Olympia (USA)
Norbert Drude, President of the Customs Criminal Investigation Office, Cologne
Günther Ebenschweiger, President of the Austrian Centre for Crime Prevention (Österreichisches Zentrum für Kriminalprävention), Graz
Ulrika Engler, Head of the Lower Saxony Agency for Civic Education, Hanover
Heinz-Josef Friehe, President of the Federal Office of Justice, Bonn
Joachim Fritz, Section Manager, German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ), Berlin
Prof. Dr. Helmut Fünfsinn, Attorney General of the State of Hesse, Frankfurt
Prof. Dr. Christian Grafl, Representative of the German Congress on Crime Prevention, Austria, Vienna
Petra Guder, Programme Manager at the Glen Mills Academy Deutschland, Lübbecke
Jens Grote, President of the Lower Saxony State Reception Authority (Landesaufnahmebehörde Niedersachsen), Braunschweig
Prof. Dr. Ute-Ingrid Haas, Chairwoman of the Lower Saxony Crime Prevention Council (Landespräventionsrat Niedersachsen), Hanover
Gerald Heere MdL, Member of the Bundnis90/Die Grünen parliamentary group at the Lower Saxony Parliament, Hanover
Dr. Daniel Heinke, Head of the Bremen State Office of Criminal Investigation
Frank-Martin Heise, Deputy Chief Constable at the Hamburg State Office of Criminal Investigation
Thomas Hermann, Mayor and Chairman of the Council of the State Capital of Hanover
Prof. Dr. Theresia Höynck, Chairwoman of the German Juvenile Courts and Juvenile Court Representatives Association (Deutschen Vereinigung für Jugendgerichte und Jugendgerichtshilfen, DVJJ), Kassel
Bernd Holthusen, Section Manager at the German Youth Institute (Deutsches Jugendinstitut), Munich
Gabriele Immen, President of the Regional Court of Göttingen
Uwe Jacob, Director of the North Rhine Westphalian State Office of Criminal Investigation, Düsseldorf
Elizabeth Johnston, Secretary General of the European Forum for Urban Security (EFUS), Paris
Bodo Kaping, President at the Federal Police Bad Bramstedt
Prof. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner, Chairman of the German Foundation for Crime Prevention and Offender Support (DVS), Tübingen
Volker Kluwe, Chief of Police, Hanover
Uwe Kolmey, President of the Lower Saxony State Office of Criminal Investigation, Hanover
Robert Kruse, Chief of Police, Lüneburg
Johann Kuehme, Chief of Police, Oldenburg
Dr. Martin Kuhlmann, President at the Federal Police Hanover
Johannes Kunz, President of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office of Criminal Investigation, Mainz
Stephanie Lee, Supervisory Senior Research Associate, Washington State Institute for Public Policy, Olympia (USA)
Thomas Lenz, State Secretary, Ministry for Home Affairs and Europe of the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin
Dr. Olaf Lobermeier, Director of pro Val, Hanover
Prof. Dr. Wielant Machleidt, Hanover Medical School
Dr. Susanne Mädrich, Department Head at the Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJV), Berlin
Ingolf Mager, Director of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Office of Criminal Investigation, Schwerin
Helmut Marhauer, International Director (LCI), Hilfswerk der Deutschen Lions, Wiesbaden
Andreas Mayer, Director of Police Crime Prevention at State and National Level (Polizeiliche Kriminalprävention der Länder und des Bundes, ProPK), Stuttgart
Gisela Mayer, Chairwoman of the Foundation Against Violence at Public Schools (Stiftung gegen Gewalt an Schulen), Winnenden
Wilhelm Mestwerdt, President of the Lower Saxony Labour Court, Hanover
Karin Müller MdL, Member of the Bundnis90/Die Grünen parliamentary group at the Parliament of Hesse, Wiesbaden
Roswitha Müller-Piepenkötter, National Chairwoman WEISSER RING, Mainz
Jürgen Mutz, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the DVS Foundation, Bonn
Stephan Nietz, Deputy Chief Constable at the Schleswig-Holstein State Office of Criminal Investigation, Kiel
Prof. Gerd Neubeck, Director of the Board of the German Forum of Crime Prevention (DFK)
Antje Niewisch-Lennartz, Minister of Justice of Lower Saxony, Hanover
Daniel Hark-Mo Park, Representative of the Korean Institute for Criminology, Seoul
Michael Pientka, Chief of Police, Braunschweig
Jutta Rübke, Lower Saxony Representative for the Rehabilitation of Victims of the So-Called Radicals Decree, Hanover
Rita Salgmann, Chairwoman of the Director of Police Crime Prevention at State and National Level (KPK), Hanover
Matthias Schaef, Director at the Federal Police, Potsdam
Dr. Martin Schairer, Chairman of Deutsch-Europäisches Forum fur urbane Sicherheit e.V. (DEFUS), Stuttgart
Heiko Schmidt, Deputy Chief Constable of the Thuringia State Office of Criminal Investigation, Erfurt
Jürgen Schmökel, Director of the Saxony-Anhalt State Office of Criminal Investigation, Magdeburg
Harald Schnur, Deputy Chief Constable of the Saarland State Office of Criminal Investigation, Saarbrücken
Stefan Schostok, Mayor of the State Capital of Hanover
Andrea Schröder-Ehlers MdL, Member of the SPD parliamentary group at the Lower Saxony Parliament, Hanover
Jürgen Schubert, Vice President of the Federal Police, Potsdam
André Schulz, National Secretary of the Association of German Criminal Police Investigators (Bund Deutscher Kriminalbeamter, BDK), Berlin
Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Schwind, former Minister of Justice of the State of Lower Saxony, Osnabrück
Dr. Peter Sicking, Programme Manager, Hilfsgemeinschaft Deutscher Lions, Wiesbaden
Andreas Skulberg, Deputy Director General, Competence Center for Crime Prevention, Oslo (Norway)
Dr. Wiebke Steffen, Member of the National Board of WEISSER RING and Research Consultant for the German Congress on Crime Prevention, Heiligenberg
PD Dr. Rainer Strobl, Director of pro Val, Hanover
Katrin Stüllenberg, Chairwoman of the Crime Prevention Foundation, Münster
Stephan Weil, Premier of Lower Saxony, Hanover
Keisha Kal Witter, Counsellor at the Jamaican Embassy, Berlin
Bernhard Witthaut, Chief of Police, Osnabrück
Norbert Wolf, State Public Prosecutor, Braunschweig
Wolfgang Wurm, President of the Federal Police Department Sankt Augustin
Jörg Ziercke, President of the Federal Office of Criminal Investigation, ret., Vice President WEISSER RING, Mainz
Dr. Tamara Zieschang, State Secretary at the Saxony-Anhalt Ministry of Home Affairs and Sport, Magdeburg
Furthermore, I would like to extend my greetings to the numerous colleagues who have travelled to Hanover from 45 different countries2 and have, in some cases, undertaken long and arduous journeys to attend this congress.
It also gives me great pleasure to welcome the over 600 active prevention experts who will present papers and hold presentations at the congress. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to them, as well as to the entire organisational team, for their substantial preparatory work and valuable contributions. It is this outstanding commitment that will once again turn the 22nd German Congress on Crime Prevention into a 'comprehensive crime prevention oeuvre'.
At present, there is a general emphasis on the significance of preventive action. Given the range of undesirable societal conditions and developments, demands for a significant increase of prevention measures, prevention orientation and prevention strategies are intensifying. In many cases, such calls for 'more prevention' do not go beyond well-meaning catchphrases, or are presented as an alleged new panacea without any specific concepts, plans or links to concrete political or practical action.
Specific and concrete preventive action crucially depends on a thorough understanding of the prevailing situation – especially with a view to current social, political and environmental framework conditions at the global level. To quote philosopher and political scientist Hannah Arendt, who was born in Hanover in 1906: "Understanding is not the same as denying the monstrous, comparing the unprecedented with precedents or explaining phenomena with analogies and generalisations that disregard the harrowing reality and shocking experience. Instead, it means investigating and consciously bearing the burden placed on us by the events, and neither denying their existence nor submissively bowing under their weight, as if everything that happened could not have happened any other way. In other words, understanding means confronting reality without bias, whatever this reality is or was."3
The interdisciplinary discourse on aims, standards and methods and the systematic development of sustainable and impact-oriented prevention strategies at the national, state and regional levels are of particular importance in these prevention-eager and prevention-dependent times. I am confident that the consultations at the 2017 German Congress on Crime Prevention will make a valuable contribution to the debate on new challenges and extended fields of action; a contribution towards enhanced strategic prevention planning, concerted preventive action and adequate resource endowment.
In 2017, the German Congress on Crime Prevention will once again offer its participants over 500 different and diverse opportunities to gain insights and information and hold discussions. In compliance with the 'Quality Crime Prevention' Beccaria standards4, we would like to introduce greater clarity and truthfulness into the debate about current problem areas, their (assumed) roots, specific preventive measures and their ongoing evaluation and documentation.
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